[{Image src='Dean-portrait.jpg' width='150' align='right' caption='James Dean: License CreativeCommons by-sa-2.0'}]

James Dean Movies#

The following introduction into RDF/SPARQL was inspired by an example taken from the book: * Dean Allemang and James Hendler: [Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist: Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL|http://workingontologist.org/], Morgan Kaufmann, 2 edition, 2011, Chapter 5: Querying the Semantic Web - SPARQL We slightly modified some notations to be conform with the notations of KnowWE. The used markups for the definition of the ontology can be only seen in the EDIT mode of this wiki page. Thus, when you want to understand how the definitions work, please move to the EDIT mode or choose "More/View Page Source". Photo of James Dean: License [CreativeCommons by-sa-2.0|http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Licensing] / find the original file [here|http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dean-portrait.jpg?uselang=en].

Defining the knowledge base and package#

We first need to define the namespace, where all elements of the James Dean knowledge base should be located, i.e., jamesDeanMovies. %%Package jamesDeanMovies Then, we define the knowledge base itself, giving it the namespace/package it should use.

Knowledge base / Ontology#

%%Ontology @uses: jamesDeanMovies %

Defining a schema#

To connect some RDF instances properly in KnowWE, we first need to define some classes and their properties. The classes can be also defined separately and on different wiki articles. Classes of the James Dean demo: %%Class Actor Director Movie Woman Man % Some properties to represent who played in which movie and who directed the movies: %%ObjectProperty playedIn @domain: Actor @range: Movie % %%ObjectProperty directedBy @domain: Movie @range: Director %

Defining some characters#

We first define some ontology instances in RDF.

People and Movies#

Mr. Dean himself: %%Individual JamesDean % The directors of the Dean movies: %%Individual GeorgeStevens FredGuiol EliaKazan NicholasRay % And some actresses of Dean movies: %%Individual AnnDoran ElizabethTaylor CarrollBaker JoVanFleet JulieHarris MercedesMcCambridge NatalieWood % And now the three movies of James Dean: %%Individual Giant EastOfEden RebelWithoutaCause %

Relations to connect the instances#

We now connect the instances defined above by using the turtle markup. When the subject and the predicate of two triples is equal, the you can simply separate the differing objects by commas. See, the playedIn relation for instance. %%Turtle JamesDean playedIn Giant, EastOfEden, RebelWithoutaCause; rdf:type Man; % %%Turtle AnnDoran playedIn RebelWithoutaCause; rdf:type Woman; % %%Turtle ElizabethTaylor playedIn Giant; rdf:type Woman; % %%Turtle CarrollBaker playedIn Giant; rdf:type Woman; % %%Turtle JoVanFleet playedIn EastOfEden; rdf:type Woman; % %%Turtle JulieHarris playedIn EastOfEden; rdf:type Woman; % %%Turtle MercedesMcCambridge playedIn Giant; rdf:type Woman; % %%Turtle NatalieWood playedIn RebelWithoutaCause; rdf:type Woman; % %%Turtle Giant directedBy GeorgeStevens, FredGuiol; % %%Turtle EastOfEden directedBy EliaKazan; % %%Turtle RebelWithoutaCause directedBy NicholasRay; %

Some first queries#

We now try to retrieve some information, that we before represented as triples. Lets see the actresses that played together with James Dean in a movie. We use the NOT IN filter to omitt the appearance of James Dean himself in the result set. When the result set consists of more than one element, the result is displayed as a table. %%Sparql SELECT ?actress ?movie WHERE { lns:JamesDean lns:playedIn ?movie. ?actress lns:playedIn ?movie. FILTER (?actress NOT IN (lns:JamesDean)). } % Lets see, what directors worked in movies where James Dean played in. When the result set consists of one element, the result is displayed as a list of the element values. %%Sparql SELECT ?who WHERE { lns:JamesDean lns:playedIn ?what . ?what lns:directedBy ?who . } %

Using labels for a user-friendly appearance#

By now we only have seen the names of the actual instances. In RDF it is also possible to define (language dependent) labels for instances by the property rdfs:label. Please note, that we use general labels for actors and directors, but language dependent labels for the names of movies. %%Turtle JamesDean rdfs:label 'James Dean'; % %%Turtle AnnDoran rdfs:label 'Ann Doran'; % %%Turtle ElizabethTaylor rdfs:label 'Elizabeth Taylor'; % %%Turtle CarrollBaker rdfs:label 'Carroll Baker'; % %%Turtle JoVanFleet rdfs:label 'JoVan Fleet'; % %%Turtle JulieHarris rdfs:label 'Julie Harris'; % %%Turtle MercedesMcCambridge rdfs:label 'Mercedes McCambridge'; % %%Turtle NatalieWood rdfs:label 'Natalie Wood '; % %%Turtle Giant rdfs:label 'Giant'@en; rdfs:label 'Giganten'@de; % %%Turtle EastOfEden rdfs:label 'East Of Eden'@en; rdfs:label 'Jenseits von Eden'@de; % %%Turtle RebelWithoutaCause rdfs:label 'Rebel Without a Cause'@en; rdfs:label 'Denn sie wissen nicht, was sie tun'@de; % We are now able to query the RDF store with the labels, for instance, query all actors and the movies (in english language) they played in. %%Sparql SELECT ?actorLabel ?movieLabel WHERE { ?actor lns:playedIn ?movie. ?actor rdfs:label ?actorLabel. ?movie rdfs:label ?movieLabel. FILTER langMatches( lang(?movieLabel), "en"). } ORDER BY ?actorLabel % %%RenderKDOM % ​