[{Image src='Dean-portrait.jpg' width='150' align='right' caption='James Dean: License CreativeCommons by-sa-2.0'}]


!!! James Dean Movies

The following introduction into RDF/SPARQL was inspired by an example taken from the book:

* Dean Allemang and James Hendler: [Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist: Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL|http://workingontologist.org/], Morgan Kaufmann, 2 edition, 2011, Chapter 5: Querying the Semantic Web - SPARQL

We slightly modified some notations to be conform with the notations of KnowWE.

The used markups for the definition of the ontology can be only seen in the EDIT mode of this wiki page.
Thus, when you want to understand how the definitions work, please move to the EDIT mode or choose "More/View Page Source".

Photo of James Dean: License [CreativeCommons by-sa-2.0|http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Licensing] / find the original file [here|http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dean-portrait.jpg?uselang=en].


!!! Defining the knowledge base and package

We first need to define the namespace, where all elements of the James Dean knowledge base should be located, i.e., {{jamesDeanMovies}}.

%%Package jamesDeanMovies

Then, we define the knowledge base itself, giving it a name and the namespace it should use.

%%Ontology 
  James Dean Movies
  @uses: jamesDeanMovies
%


!!! Defining a schema

To connect some RDF instances properly in KnowWE, we first need to define some classes and their properties.
The classes can be also defined separately and on different wiki articles.

Classes of the James Dean demo:

%%Class 
 Actor
 Director
 Movie
 Woman
 Man
%

Some properties to represent who played in which movie and who directed the movies:

%%ObjectProperty 
playedIn 
  @domain: Actor
  @range: Movie
%

%%ObjectProperty 
directedBy 
  @domain: Movie
  @range: Director
%


!!! Defining some characters

We first define some ontology instances in RDF.


! People and Movies

Mr. Dean himself:

%%Individual 
  JamesDean
%

The directors of the Dean movies:

%%Individual
  GeorgeStevens
  FredGuiol
  EliaKazan
  NicholasRay
%

And some actresses of Dean movies:

%%Individual
  AnnDoran 
  ElizabethTaylor 
  CarrollBaker 
  JoVanFleet
  JulieHarris 
  MercedesMcCambridge 
  NatalieWood  
%

And now the three movies of James Dean:

%%Individual 
  Giant
  EastOfEden
  RebelWithoutaCause
%


! Relations to connect the instances

We now connect the instances defined above by using the turtle markup.
When the subject and the predicate of two triples is equal, the you can simply separate the differing objects by commas. See, the {{playedIn}} relation for instance.

%%Turtle 
  JamesDean 
     playedIn:: Giant, EastOfEden, RebelWithoutaCause;
     rdf:type:: Man;
%

%%Turtle 
  AnnDoran 
     playedIn:: RebelWithoutaCause;
     rdf:type:: Woman;
%

%%Turtle 
  ElizabethTaylor 
     playedIn:: Giant;
     rdf:type:: Woman;
%

%%Turtle 
  CarrollBaker 
     playedIn:: Giant;
     rdf:type:: Woman;
%

%%Turtle 
  JoVanFleet 
     playedIn:: EastOfEden;
     rdf:type:: Woman;
%

%%Turtle 
  JulieHarris 
     playedIn:: EastOfEden;
     rdf:type:: Woman;
%

%%Turtle 
  MercedesMcCambridge 
     playedIn:: Giant;
     rdf:type:: Woman;
%

%%Turtle 
  NatalieWood  
     playedIn:: RebelWithoutaCause;
     rdf:type:: Woman;  
%

%%Turtle 
  Giant 
     directedBy:: GeorgeStevens, FredGuiol;
%

%%Turtle 
  EastOfEden 
     directedBy:: EliaKazan;
%

%%Turtle 
  RebelWithoutaCause 
     directedBy:: NicholasRay;
%


!!! Some first queries

We now try to retrieve some information, that we before represented as triples.
Lets see the actresses that played together with James Dean in a movie.
We use the {{NOT IN}} filter to omitt the appearance of James Dean himself in the result set.
When the result set consists of more than one element, the result is displayed as a table.

%%Sparql 
  SELECT ?actress ?movie
  WHERE {
    lns:JamesDean lns:playedIn ?movie.
    ?actress lns:playedIn ?movie.
    FILTER (?actress NOT IN (lns:JamesDean)).
  }
%

Lets see, what directors worked in movies where James Dean played in.
When the result set consists of one element, the result is displayed as a list of the element values.

%%Sparql 
  SELECT ?who
  WHERE {
     lns:JamesDean lns:playedIn   ?what .
     ?what         lns:directedBy ?who .
  }
%


!!! Using labels for a user-friendly appearance

By now we only have seen the names of the actual instances.
In RDF it is also possible to define (language dependent) labels for instances by the property {{rdfs:label}}.
Please note, that we use general labels for actors and directors, but language dependent labels for the names of movies.

%%Turtle 
  JamesDean
   rdfs:label:: 'James Dean';
%

%%Turtle 
  AnnDoran
   rdfs:label:: 'Ann Doran';
%

%%Turtle 
  ElizabethTaylor
   rdfs:label:: 'Elizabeth Taylor';
%

%%Turtle 
  CarrollBaker
   rdfs:label:: 'Carroll Baker';
%

%%Turtle 
  JoVanFleet
   rdfs:label:: 'JoVan Fleet';
%

%%Turtle 
  JulieHarris
   rdfs:label:: 'Julie Harris';
%

%%Turtle 
  MercedesMcCambridge
   rdfs:label:: 'Mercedes McCambridge';
%

%%Turtle 
  NatalieWood 
   rdfs:label:: 'Natalie Wood ';
%

%%Turtle 
  Giant
   rdfs:label:: 'Giant'@en;
   rdfs:label:: 'Giganten'@de;
%

%%Turtle 
  EastOfEden
   rdfs:label:: 'East Of Eden'@en;
   rdfs:label:: 'Jenseits von Eden'@de;
%

%%Turtle 
  RebelWithoutaCause
   rdfs:label:: 'Rebel Without a Cause'@en;
   rdfs:label:: 'Denn sie wissen nicht, was sie tun'@de;
%

We are now able to query the RDF store with the labels, for instance, query all actors and the movies (in english language) they played in.

%%Sparql 
  SELECT ?actorLabel ?movieLabel
  WHERE {
    ?actor lns:playedIn ?movie.
    ?actor rdfs:label   ?actorLabel.
    ?movie rdfs:label   ?movieLabel.
    FILTER langMatches( lang(?movieLabel), "en").
  } ORDER BY ?actorLabel
%